具有初始热变形的转子系统振动响应分析

航空发动机热起动时的温度分布不均会使转子产生初始热变形,进而引起发动机振动过大,甚至导致起动失败。针对此问题,以航空发动机中的典型转子为对象,根据初始热变形对转子振动的影响建立相应的动力学方程,并通过模态坐标变换分析初始热变形对转子系统振动响应的影响。结果表明,初始热变形相当于对转子作用了附加激励,包括转轴初始弯曲激励、附加不平衡激励和附加陀螺力矩激励,上述激励均与转速同步。其中,附加不平衡激励和附加陀螺力矩激励大小与转速有关,对转子通过各阶临界转速的振动响应均有较大影响;转轴初始弯曲激励大小与转速无关,主要影响低阶临界转速的振动响应。      

Aerodynamic optimization of re-entry capsules

Methods for aerodynamic design and optimization based on linear theory are not well suited for modelling non-linear phenomenons. Their results only represent approximations of real optima. In the present study a new method based on non-linear theory, i.e. the solution of the Euler/Navier–Stokes equations, has been applied to improve these approximations. The structure of the system as well as the incorporated modules are described. Aerodynamic optimizations of a biconic re-entry capsule with respect to the lift-to-drag ratio, the effective volume and the stability are presented and discussed. The method proves to be a robust and relative efficient tool for aerodynamic design of modern aerospace vehicles. An increase in the performance of computer systems will result in an increase in the efficiency as well. It is shown that the method keeps and sometimes expands the established knowledge base of experienced engineers but reduces the design cycle times significantly.     

Towards a new level of safety

In 1998, motivated by the need to improve aviation safety procedures and regulations in order to keep pace with the steadily growing volume of air traffic, the Joint Aviation Authorities launched its Joint Safety Strategy Initiative. In this talk, the main features of that initiative and its constituent activities are described.     

低温锂离子电池研究进展

随着能源需求的日益高涨，锂离子电池（LIB）在各个领域内的应用愈发广泛。为满足极端气候等特殊应用环境对储能器件的需求，LIB需拓宽其工作温度范围。从材料和电池结构角度详细总结了应用于低温条件LIB的最新研究进展。首先，分析了限制LIB低温性能的根本原因；然后，分别从电解液的研发与优化、电极材料的改性和开发、新型电池体系的开发、电池热管理系统（BTMS）设计4个方面归纳并讨论了在低温情况下改善LIB性能的途径和方法；最后，总结了低温LIB研究亟待解决的问题，并为新一代低温LIB的发展提出了可行的研究方向。      

低排放燃烧室NO_x排放试验及预测方法研究

为了研究中心分级贫油低排放燃烧室的排放特性和排放预测方法,针对一个低排放头部方案,在单头部燃烧室试验件上,在不同的温度、压力、油气比、供油模式和分级比条件下,测量其排放性能。以Lefebvre排放经验预测公式为基础,采用经验分析方法拟合排放试验数据,归纳出适用于本头部方案的排放预测公式。表征预测好坏的判定系数R2在小工况下和大工况下分别为0.95和0.93,表明预测结果与试验结果符合度较好。小工况和大工况排放特性不同,对仅预燃级喷油的小工况工作模式,NO_x排放主要受化学恰当燃烧温度和预燃级局部当量比的影响;对预燃级和主燃级同时喷油的大工况工作模式,NO_x排放主要受燃烧区温度和主燃级燃油比例的影响。     

压电周期板中耦合禁带影响规律分析

近年来，利用周期结构中弹性波禁带特性减振的研究思路受到了广泛关注。针对以往周期结构难以实现宽频且可调禁带的问题，设计了一种含电路网络的压电周期结构。该结构中的弯曲波和电路网络中的电波通过压电效应可以产生一个较宽的耦合禁带，且通过调整电路参数就可以达到调节禁带位置的目的。首先，为了高效计算该结构的波动特性，开发了适用于压电周期结构的减缩波有限元算法，该算法可以在保证结果准确性的基础上节约90%以上的计算时间。利用该算法研究了压电材料尺寸和形状对耦合禁带性能的影响。结果表明:相同电学参数下，随着压电片尺寸的增大，耦合禁带向低频移动，且禁带带宽增加；相同面积下含圆形和方形压电片的机电系统内耦合禁带差异较小，即形状对耦合禁带的分布影响不大。其次，针对不同尺寸和形状的机电系统，设计了电学参数使得在同一频率附近产生耦合禁带，并分析了其性能差异。最后，为了证明耦合禁带的减振效果，设计了一种有限压电周期板模型，其强迫响应的结果证明了耦合禁带对结构内弹性波可以进行有效调控。      

Investigation on nonlinear lateral-torsional coupled vibration of a rotor system with substantial unbalance

Substantial unbalance may be caused by fan blade off during the operation period of gas turbine engines, and related dynamic problems are very critical to the safety design of rotor system in aero-engine. This article aims to understand lateral-torsional coupled vibration of the rotor system with substantial unbalance. The governing equation of a modified unbalanced rotor system is established based on Lagrangian approach. Then, a mathematical analytical method is proposed in which a linear approximation is derived and the Floquet theory and Hill’s method are incorporated, from which the modal characteristics of the unbalanced rotor are obtained. The modal characteristics of the unbalanced rotor system are revealed comprehensively for the first time. Furthermore, the relation between the modes and responses of the unbalanced rotor is discussed in detail. The results show that the lateral vibration and torsional vibration of the unbalanced rotor are coupled through the inertial terms in the governing equations. Due to the coupling, veering and lock-in phenomena occur between the frequencies of the forward whirl mode and the torsional mode. Furthermore, lock-in can lead to a kind of principal instability. With regard to the response of the unbalanced rotor, both natural vibration components and enforced vibration components appear in the lateral response, while only natural vibration components appear during torsional vibration. Moreover, natural vibration components play a crucial role in the response within the principal instability region and cause divergence of the vibration amplitudes in the lateral and torsional directions.     

仿生正弦前缘对翼面动态失速的影响

动态失速导致叶片气动载荷急剧变化，造成振动载荷激增，桨叶寿命大幅衰减。针对动态失速问题，从座头鲸胸鳍在动态倾转下取得良好的流动特性获得启示，据此模化出仿生正弦前缘翼面（包含3种波峰和2种波长），旨在实现动态失速控制。借助三维非定常数值模拟方法，采用运动网格技术，基于SC1095旋翼翼型，研究了仿生前缘动态失速流动控制机理及运动参数和来流速度的影响。结果表明：正弦前缘大幅度降低俯仰力矩系数峰值和阻力系数峰值；前缘波峰越大、波长越小，阻力系数峰值与俯仰力矩系数峰值的抑制效果越明显，虽然升力系数峰值减小，但其减小量远小于前两者，例如其中一种仿生翼使俯仰力矩系数峰值减小了47.7%，阻力系数峰值减小了36.4%，升力系数峰值减小14.1%；在最大迎角附近，正弦前缘能够缓和失速特性，使载荷变化更为平缓；在高平均迎角、低俯仰频率、低马赫数下，仿生翼动态失速控制效果更强，相比较而言迎角振幅的影响较小。     

航空发动机双转子系统“临界跟随”现象的机理及影响

为了探明“临界跟随”现象导致航空发动机振动居高不下的产生机理,建立了考虑中介轴承的双转子动力学模型,推导了双转子发生“临界跟随”现象时参数之间的关系,分析了“临界跟随”状态下转子系统的动力学特性。结果表明:“临界跟随”现象会导致转子系统无法越过盘偏摆振型临界转速,造成转子振动对不平衡质量分布极其敏感,其主要影响因素为盘极转动惯量与直径转动惯量的比值(简称惯量比)以及双转子增速比；当高压盘等效惯量比等于1,或增速比与任意低压盘惯量比相等时,转子系统表现出高压激励条件下的“临界跟随”特征；当低压盘惯量比等于1,或增速比与高压盘等效惯量比的乘积等于1时,转子系统表现出低压激励条件下的“临界跟随”特征。提出了必须严格控制航空发动机叶盘的等效惯量比以及双转子转速控制律的设计建议。      

钇稳定二氧化锆火焰传感器的静态响应特性

以钇稳定二氧化锆（YSZ）火焰传感器为研究对象，利用马弗炉，在873~1 523 K的温度范围内，测量了YSZ火焰传感器对温度的静态响应，获得并分析了传感器的静态校准曲线与静态响应特性。结果表明，YSZ火焰传感器的线性度为12.88%，24 V激励电压下的平均灵敏度为10.02 mV/K，迟滞与重复性指标分别为2.13%和2.22%，传感器间的互换度为1.22%。采用Boltzmann函数能够较为准确地拟合YSZ火焰传感器的静态校准曲线，误差小于±3.5%。YSZ火焰传感器的非线性特征明显，精密度与互换性良好，灵敏度较高，总体性能良好。相较于火焰检测中常用的热电偶和离子火焰传感器，YSZ火焰传感器对火焰温度的响应信号更为稳健，能够有效提高火焰检测的准确度与可靠性。